THE ROLE OF STRATEGIC RISK MANAGEMENT IN INCREASING THE BUSINESS ACTIVITY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE

Abstract

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of developing adaptive mechanisms for managing the business activities of land transport enterprises in a dynamically unstable external environment. It is noted that current transformational processes, notably the effects of martial law, economic instability and increased uncertainty, highlight the need to transition to adaptive management models capable of ensuring the flexibility and stability of enterprise operations. The economic essence of business activity is characterised as an integrated characteristic reflecting the efficiency of resource utilisation, the intensity of economic activity, and the potential of enterprises for development. The key factors influencing the business activity of land transport enterprises are examined, divided into external (macroeconomic, regulatory, conflict-related and market) and internal (technical, financial, organisational) risks. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of strategic risk management, which is presented as a central element in the structure of adaptive management mechanisms. It has been noted that integrating risk management into strategic and operational management processes helps to reduce uncertainty, improve the quality of management decision-making and promote the stable development of enterprises. Recommendations have been developed for improving business activity management systems, which include the introduction of digital innovations, the modernisation of organisational risk management structures, staff training, the diversification of business activities, and enhanced cooperation with government bodies. The importance of establishing a comprehensive adaptive management system aimed at effectively responding to changes in the external environment is emphasised. It is concluded that the implementation of adaptive mechanisms for managing the business activities of land transport enterprises will ensure the growth of their competitiveness, financial stability and operational efficiency in the face of contemporary challenges.